Potential benefit of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate for macrovascular complications in diabetes

Vascular problems are the most common complications in diabetes. Substantial evidence from epidemiological and pathophysiological studies show that hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for macrovascular complications in patients with diabetes. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major catechin derived from green tea, is known to exert a variety of cardiovascular beneficial effects. The protective effects of EGCG in diabetes are also evident. However, whether EGCG is beneficial against macrovascular complications that occur in diabetes remains unknown. Our previous studies demonstrated that treatment of EGCG inhibits high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and suppresses high glucose-mediated vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that EGCG might be an effective potential candidate to reduce the macrovascular complications in diabetes.

Complicações crônicas do diabetes / Chronic diabetes complications

As complicações crônicas do diabetes mellitus (DM) são decorrentes principalmente do controle inadequado, do tempo de evolução e de fatores genéticos da doença. As complicações crônicas microvasculares englobam a nefropatia diabética, a retinopatia diabética e a neuropatia diabética. As complicações crônicas macrovasculares, como o próprio nome diz, são resultantes de alterações nos grandes vasos e causam infarto agudo do miocárdio, acidente vascular cerebral e doença vascular periférica. O risco relativo de morte devido a complicações vasculares é três vezes maior nos pacientes com DM do que na população restante com as doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs), sendo responsáveis por até 80% dos óbitos em portadores de DM. Nesses pacientes o risco de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) é semelhante àquele observado em pessoas sem DM que já tiveram um IAM prévio...

The complications from chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) are resulting from inadequate control, time evolution and disease genetics factors. The chronic microvascular complications include diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic neuropathy. The chronic microvascular complications, as name says itself, are resulting from large-vessels adjustments and it causes acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and peripheral arterial disease as well. The relative risk of death due vascular complications is three times bigger in patients with DM than in remaining people with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are responsible for until 80% of obituaries in DM carriers. In these patients, the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is similar to that observed in people who do not have DM and who had previous IAM...

Efecto del sulodexide sobre la capacidad de relajación y alteraciones estructurales de la arteria aorta en ratas diabéticas por estreptozotocina / Effect of sulodexide on aortic vasodilation capacity and associated morphological changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

La disfunción endotelial (DE) se presenta en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia, hipertensión arterial, obesidad y diabetes mellitus. Evidencias sugieren un papel de los glicosaminoglicanos en la DE. Evaluamos el efecto del sulodexide (SLD), un glicosaminoglicano utilizado en el tratamiento de la albuminuria y la enfermedad isquémica en pacientes diabéticos, sobre la relajación arterial y los cambios morfológicos en un modelo experimental de diabetes tipo 1. La diabetes se indujo a ratas Sprague Dawley administrando estreptozotocina (STZ), 60 mg/kg, i.v. Los animales fueron distribuidos en los siguientes grupos: I= control, II= diabéticas, III: control + sulodexide, IV= diabéticas + sulodexide (15 mg/kg/día s.c). A los 3 meses fueron sacrificados, las aortas extraídas para evaluar la relajación vascular inducida por acetilcolina (Ach) y nitroprusiato de sodio en anillos precontraídos con fenilefrina. Fueron evaluadas histológicamente mediante microscopía de luz y coloraciones diversas. El SLD in vitro no modificó la tensión basal de los anillos arteriales en reposo o precontraídos con fenilefrina. La diabetes disminuyó la capacidad de relajación arterial en respuesta a la Ach en un 28,8-35,1% vs control, efecto que fue prevenido por SLD. No se observó diferencia significativa en la relajación inducida por nitroprusiato sódico entre los grupos. El estudio histológico en los animales diabéticos mostró alteraciones estructurales, particularmente en la íntima y la adventicia, cambios que fueron prevenidos por el tratamiento con SLD. Nuestros resultados apoyan la potencial utilidad terapéutica del SLD en el tratamiento de la disfunción endotelial.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is observed in patients with hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Recent evidences suggest the involvement of glycosaminoglycans(GSG) in ED. We evaluated the effect of sulodexide (SLD), a natural GSG used in albuminuria and ischemic diabetes treatment, on arterial relaxation and vascular morphological changes in a diabetic type I model. Diabetes was induced, in Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocine (STZ) administration, 60 mg, iv. Rats were divided into four groups; I: control, II: diabetics, III: control + SLD, IV: diabetics treated with SLD (15 mg/day). After three months, phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings were used to evaluate acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NPS) relaxation capacities. Light microscopy of aorta was done with several staining procedures. In vitro, SLD did not change smooth muscle tone in resting or phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings. In diabetic rats, ACh relaxation was 28.8-35.1% lower than in control rats. Diabetic rats treated with SLD showed aortic ACh relaxation similar to control rats. No significative statistical difference was found in endothelium-independent NPS relaxation, between the different groups. Light microscopy histological studies revealed important morphological alterations, particularly in intima and adventitia layers of aortic artery; those changes were dramatically reversed in SLD treated rats. Our experiments support the conclusion that SLD is a potential drug for improving endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.

Impact of previous insulin therapy on the prognosis of diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes / Impacto da insulinoterapia prévia no prognóstico dos pacientes diabéticos com síndromes coronárias agudas

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether previous insulin treatment independently influences subsequent outcomes in diabetic patients with ACS (acute coronary syndromes). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 375 diabetic patients with ACS, divided in 2 groups: Group A (n = 69) - previous insulin and Group B (n = 306) - without previous insulin. Predictors of 1-year mortality and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Group A had more previous stroke (17.4 percent vs. 9.2 percent, p = 0.047) and peripheral artery disease (13.0 percent vs. 3.6 percent, p = 0.005). They had significantly higher admission glycemia and lower LDL cholesterol. There were no significant differences in the type of ACS, in 1-year mortality (18.2 percent vs. 10.4 percent, p = 0.103) or MACE (32.1 percent vs. 23.0 percent, p = 0.146) between groups. In multivariate analysis, insulin treatment was neither an independent predictor of 1-year mortality nor of MACE. CONCLUSION: Despite the more advanced atherosclerotic disease, diabetics under insulin had similar outcomes to those without insulin. Insulin may protect diabetics from the expected poor adverse outcome of an advanced atherosclerotic disease.

OBJECTIVO: Avaliar se a insulinoterapia prévia influencia de forma independente o prognóstico de diabéticos após uma síndrome coronária aguda (SCA). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: 375 doentes diabéticos com SCA, divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo A (n = 69) - sob insulinoterapia prévia e Grupo B (n = 306) - sem insulinoterapia prévia. Os preditores de mortalidade a um ano e de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (MACE) foram determinados pela regressão de Cox. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se maior proporção de acidente vascular cerebral prévio (17,4 por cento vs. 9,2 por cento, p = 0,047) e doença arterial periférica (13,0 por cento vs. 3,6 por cento, p = 0,005) no Grupo A. Esses doentes apresentaram glicemia na admissão significativamente mais elevada e LDL inferior. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas no tipo de SCA, na mortalidade (18,2 por cento vs. 10,4 por cento, p = 0,103) e MACE (32,1 por cento vs. 23,0 por cento, p = 0,146) em um ano entre os 2 grupos. Na análise multivariada, a insulinoterapia prévia não foi preditor independente nem de mortalidade, nem de MACE em 1 ano. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da doença aterosclerótica mais avançada, os diabéticos previamente insulino-tratados têm um prognóstico semelhante aos não insulino-tratados. A insulinoterapia crônica poderá proteger os diabéticos da evolução desfavorável própria da doença aterosclerótica avançada.

Análise crítica das recomendações da Associação Americana de Diabetes para doença cardiovascular no diabetes melito: [revisão] / Critical analysis of the American Diabetes Association dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus: [review]

A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de mortalidade em pacientes com diabetes melito (DM), sendo essencial a intervenção dietética no manejo dessa complicação. O objetivo deste manuscrito foi revisar as evidências científicas que fundamentam as recomendações dietéticas da American Diabetes Association (ADA) para prevenção e tratamento da DCV nos pacientes com DM. As diretrizes da ADA baseiam-se, em sua maioria, em estudos com pacientes com DCV, porém sem DM. Nos pacientes com DM, um aumento na ingestão de peixe e de fibras solúveis são as recomendações dietéticas com benefício comprovado. Embora o DM possa ser considerado um equivalente de DCV estabelecida, a adoção das recomendações dietéticas de pacientes sem DM e com DCV para todos pacientes com DM é questionável - em especial quando são consideradas as peculiaridades da DCV no DM. Ensaios clínicos aleatorizados em pacientes com DM deverão fundamentar melhor os benefícios das intervenções dietéticas sobre a DCV.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and dietary intervention is an essential measure to prevent and treat this complication. The aim of this manuscript was to review scientific evidence that underlies the dietetic recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for prevention and treatment of CVD in patients with DM. The ADA guidelines are mostly based on studies performed on patients with CVD and without DM. The evidence-based dietary recommendations for patients with DM are to increase the intake of fish and soluble fibers. Although DM has been considered as an equivalent of established CVD, the adoption of the same dietary recommendations for patients without DM and with CVD for all patients with DM is still questionable - especially considering the peculiarities of CVD in DM. Randomized clinical trials including patients with DM should provide further information regarding the benefits of these dietary interventions for CVD.

Dislipidemias no diabetes melito tipo 1: abordagem atual / Dyslipidemias in type 1 diabetes: a current approach

Com a intensificação do controle glicêmico no tratamento do diabetes melito tipo 1 (DM1), houve uma mudança progressiva das causas de mortalidade com destaque para a DCV. A identificação de fatores de risco, como a dislipidemia, tornou-se de grande importância para minimizar o risco de complicações crônicas micro e macrovasculares. As diretrizes para prevenção de doença coronariana em diabetes, geralmente, fazem referência ao diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2), com pouca recomendação específica para o DM1. Definir alvos terapêuticos ou indicação de intervenção farmacológica é mais controverso nesse tipo de diabetes, em virtude da faixa etária desses pacientes. O presente estudo busca destacar a importância de estabelecer o diagnósti-co da dislipidemia nesse grupo de pacientes e instituir terapêutica adequa- da e precoce, objetivando alcançar as metas estabelecidas para reduzir o perfil lipídico aterogênico desses pacientes.

With the intensive glycemic control in the therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, cardiovascular disease has been the main cause of mortality. Identification of risk factors, such as dyslipidemia is considered of great importance in terms of avoiding chronic micro and macro vascular complications. The statements for prevention of coronary artery disease in diabetes are generally are related do type 2 diabetes mellitus and little attention is paid to T1DM. Defining therapeutical targets and indications for treatment are more controversial in these patients due to their young ages. The present study aims to emphasize the importance of establishing the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in this group of patients as well as indicate the appropriate and early treatment, in order to reach the targets of treatment and reduce the atherogenic lipid profile.

A predisposição genética para o desenvolvimento da microangiopatia no DM1: [revisão] / Genetic susceptibility to microangiopathy development in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: [review]

Acredita-se que o controle glicêmico e a duração do diabetes sejam os fatores de risco mais importantes para o desenvolvimento das microangiopatias diabéticas, contudo, as velocidades de progressão da nefropatia, da retinoaptia e da polineuropatia variam consideravelmente entre os pacientes. Além da presença de fatores de risco, como a hipertensão arterial, a dislipidemia e o fumo, existem evidências sugerindo que uma predisposição genética desempenha um papel na susceptibilidade para as complicações microvasculares. Com base na patogênese dessas complicações crônicas do diabetes, polimorfismos de vários genes candidatos que atuam em diferentes vias desse processo têm sido investigados, como os genes relacionados aos mecanismos dos danos induzidos pela hiperglicemia (os produtos finais de glicação avançada, o aumento na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio e a atividade aumentada da via da aldose-redutase), os genes relacionados ao sistema renina-angiotensina; os genes que codificam a síntese das citoquinas, dos fatores de crescimento e dos seus receptores e dos transportadores de glicose entre muitos outros. Este artigo discute alguns estudos que corroboram com a importância da predisposição genética no desenvolvimento da microangiopatia diabética.

Glycemic control and diabetes duration are believed to be the most important risk factors for the development of diabetic microangiopathy; however, the rate of progression of nephropathy, retinopathy and polyneuropathy varies considerably among patients. Besides the presence of risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and smoking, there is evidence suggesting that genetic predisposition plays a role in the susceptibility to microvascular complications. Based on underlying pathogenesis, polymorphisms of several candidate genes belonging to multiple pathways have been investigated, like the genes related to mechanisms of hyperglycaemia-induced damage (such as advanced glycation end-products and reactive oxygen species increased formation, augmented activity of the aldose reductase pathway); genes related to the renin-angiotensin system; genes coding for cytokines, growth factors and its receptors, glucose transporter; among many others. This article reviews some studies that corroborate the importance of the genetic background in the development of diabetic microangiopathy.

Aspirina em baixa dosagem em pacientes com diabete melito: riscos e benefícios em relação às complicações macro e microvasculares / Low-dose aspirin in patients with diabete melitus: risks and benefits regarding macro and microvascular complications

O uso de aspirina é recomendado como estratégia de prevenção cardiovascular em pacientes com diabete melito. Em decorrência do risco de eventos hemorrágicos e da hipótese de que poderia haver um agravamento das complicações microvasculares associado ao uso da aspirina, tem havido importante sub-utilização dessa terapia. Entretanto, está definido que o uso de aspirina não piora a retinopatia diabética e existem evidências de que também não afeta a função renal em doses usuais (150 mg/dia). Por outro lado, pacientes com diabete melito parecem necessitar de doses maiores do agente antiplaquetário, o que sugere que esses indivíduos apresentem a chamada "resistência à aspirina". Os mecanismos dessa resistência ainda não estão completamente esclarecidos, estando provavelmente relacionados à atividade plaquetária intrínseca anormal. Portanto, o emprego de terapêuticas antiplaquetárias alternativas ou a administração de doses maiores de aspirina (150-300 mg/dia) devem ser melhor avaliados em relação a um aumento da eficácia na prevenção da doença cardiovascular e também a possíveis efeitos nas complicações microvasculares no diabete melito.

Aspirin is recommended as cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with diabetes mellitus. Due to the increased risk of bleeding and because of the hypothesis that there could be a worsening of microvascular complications related to aspirin, there has been observed an important underutilization of the drug. However, it is now known that aspirin is not associated with a deleterious effect on diabetic retinopathy and there is evidence indicating that it also does not affect renal function with usual doses (150 mg/d). On the other hand, higher doses may prove necessary, since recent data suggest that diabetic patients present the so called "aspirin resistance". The mechanisms of this resistance are not yet fully understood, being probably related to an abnormal intrinsic platelet activity. The employment of alternative antiplatelet strategies or the administration of higher aspirin doses (150-300 mg/d) should be better evaluated regarding effective cardiovascular disease prevention in diabetes as well as the possible effects on microvascular complications.

New frontiers in the management of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and hyperglycaemia, and afflicting at least 171 million people worldwide (31.7 million in India). This chronic disease is not benign and patients with diabetes suffer from numerous microvascular and macrovascular complications which cause a lot of morbidity and mortality. Results from the UKPDS (United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study) clearly demonstrate that tight glucose and blood pressure control in patients with type 2 diabetes prevents the development of and delays the progression of microvascular complications and possibly macrovascular disease. In addition, results from the UKPDS and other studies like the Heart Protection Study (HPS) have also shown that treatment of concomitant risk factors like lipids and blood pressure and the use of aspirin have favourable effects on cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. In order to achieve glycaemic goals, we have several anti-hyperglycaemic agents in our therapeutic armamentarium today. However, despite their availability, we have not been able to achieve glycaemic goals in our patients with diabetes due to a variety of reasons. However, there appears to be hope for the future. The progress of research in all fields of diabetes therapeutics from diabetes treatment to continuous glucose monitoring systems to novel insulin delivery systems has been spectacular. These advances have resulted in newer pharmacologic agents, implantable glucose sensors and inhaled insulin. There is also hope that large scale implementation of intensive lifestyle programmes and education efforts may help to prevent diabetes in high risk individuals. Indeed, the repertoire of options and strategies currently available (and in the pipeline) to treat and prevent/delay diabetes and its complications is impressive. In this review, we will discuss the evolving cardiovascular benefits of the thiazolidinediones (TZDs); describe in detail the newer glucose lowering gut hormones with novel mechanisms of action; delineate the recent advances in non invasive insulin delivery systems (including inhaled insulin); review the ongoing developments in continuous glucose measuring devices and finally present an update on the prevention of diabetes.

Prevenção cardiovascular em pacientes com diabetes: revisão baseada em evidências / Cardiovascular prevention in diabetic patients: an evidenced-based review

Diabetes mellitus é uma doença associada com elevada incidência de doença aterotrombótica, especialmente cardíaca. Diversos estudos demonstraram que é possível reduzir a carga de doença nesta população através de estratégias preventivas. Este artigo revisa as evidências sobre a estimativa de risco cardiovascular nessa população e ações de prevenção, levando em consideração as principais recomendações na área. Modificações no estilo de vida, como dieta pobre em carboidratos, redução de peso e prática regular de atividade física, devem ser instituídas. Todo paciente de alto risco ou com evidências de doença cardiovascular deve manter sua glicemia < 100 mg/dl e A1c < 7 por cento. É recomendado uso diário de AAS em doses baixas e estatinas para controle de lípides, tendo como alvo LDL < 100 mg/dl, HDL > 50 mg/dl e triglicerídios < 150 mg/dl. O controle da pressão arterial deve ser buscado com medidas não-farmacológicas e anti-hipertensivos, sendo inibidores do sistema renina-angiotensina indicados na maioria dos casos, especialmente naqueles pacientes com nefropatia, associado a diuréticos tiazídicos na sua maioria para alcançar níveis tensionais-alvo < 130/80 mmHg.

Diabetes mellitus is a condition associated with cardiac complications, especially atherotrombotic disease. Several studies have demonstrated the importance of reducing cardiovascular burden on this population by adopting prevention strategies. This article revised clinical evidences on cardiovascular risk assessment and prevention actions, taking into consideration major recommendations in the field. Life-style changes with low-carbohydrate diet, weight control, and regular physical activity must be implemented. High-risk patients or with established cardiovascular disease ought to have glycemic levels < 100 mg/dL and A1c < 7 percent. It is recommended low dose of aspirin and statin for lipid management, targeting LDL < 100 mg/dL, HDL > 50 mg/dL and tryglicerides < 150 mg/dL. Blood pressure control with non-pharmacological and antihypertensive drugs must be instituted, favoring ACE inhibitors as first option, mainly in patients with renal disease, and combined with tiazides for the majority to achieve target blood pressure of < 130/80 mmHg.

Neuropatia autônoma cardiovascular em pacientes com diabetes “mellitus” tipo 2 / Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetic mellitus type 2 patients

A neuropatia autônoma acomete grande parte dos pacientes diabéticos. Este acometimento pode envolver diversos órgãos e sistemas e isso geralmente ocorre de forma desigual. O envolvimento do sistema nervoso autônomo no decurso do diabetes mellitus (DM) é bem estabelecido e está associado com aumento da mortalidade. A presença de neuropatia autônoma cardíaca (NAC), evidenciada por alterações nas variações de freqüência cardíaca, está associada a uma mortalidade de 29 por cento em 10 anos, enquanto que naqueles pacientes ilesos de NAC essa taxa representa apenas 6 por cento. Devido ao valor prognóstico na NAC, é importante avaliarmos a sua presença nos pacientes com DM, bem como orient´-alos quanto às suas associações. Descrevemos os dados encontrados em nosso ambulatório e discutimos as evidências na NAC encontradas na literatura

Prevention of microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus.

Microvascular and macrovascular complications in relation to diabetes mellitus are responsible for major morbidity and mortality condition. Prevention of these complications should be the aim while managing diabetes. Retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy are microvascular complications and macrovascular complication affects heart, brain and foot. In preventing retinopathy, glycaemic and blood pressure control is essential. Laser photocoagulation therapy can prevent loss of vision in non-proliferative or proliferative diabetes mellitus. The aim of preventing nephropathy lies on meticulous glycaemic control, dietary protein limitation and vigorous control of blood pressure. The highest priority at present to prevent diabetic neuropathy is the education of patients and their physicians about the potential for detection and treatment of early neuropathy. Glycaemic control is beneficial in reducing the frequency of progression of neuropathy. Macrovascular complication (cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular) can be prevented with some intervention strategies eg, discouraging smoking habit, proper diet, regular physical activity, strict glycaemic and blood pressure control, lowering low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and aspirin therapy. Amputation in diabetic foot can be dealt with a number of prevention strategies eg, careful self examination, to use specially fitted shoes, minimisation of trauma, earlier detection and aggressive management by local debridement, provision of special support and early antibiotic therapy.

effect of Nifedipine and Verapamil on vasculopathy in chronic experimental diabetic rats

Since in diabetes the permeability of vessels is impaired, therefore late onset complications of diabetes originated from vascular changes. Calcium plays a major role in inducing and starting process that cause vascular injury and increased permeability. The aim of this study was to indicate whether calcium channel blockers [nifedipine and verapamil] could prevent vascular permeability. In this experimental interventional study, male rats, divided into seven groups randomly. Diabetes induced by subcutaneous injection of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin. Vasculopathy was evaluated by extravasations of Evans blue dye and water content of tissue. Animals received 40 mg/kg of verapamil and 10 mg/kg of nifedipine orally daily. Results of this study showed that extravasations of Evans blue dye was increased significantly [P<0.001] in diabetic group compare to control group, while verapamil decreased extravasations of Evans blue significantly compare to diabetic control group [P<0.01], however nifedipine had no inhibitory effect an water content of tissues did not change significantly. The body weight of animals in diabetic group decreased significantly [p<0.05] at the end of experiment compare to the beginning of experiment, but verapamil and nifedipine have prevented the decrease of body weight in diabetic group. The results of this study suggest that using calcium channel blockers particularly verapamil can inhibit diabetic vasculopathy and prevent the body weight reduction effectively

Influencia de la Hiperglicemia en el Desarrollo de la Microangiopatía Diabética

La microangiopatía diabética es la responsable de muchas de las complicaciones importantes de la Diabetes, entre ellas la neuropatía, la retinopatía y la nefropatía. En su etiología, la hiperglicemia es el factor más importante; los factores genéticos también son relevantes pero en menor proporción. Las alteraciones funcionales son tempranas y por lo general reversibles, las estructurales son tardías e irreversibles. Las anormalidades bioquímicas fundamentales son la alteración en la vía de los polioles y la glicosilación no enzimática. Muchos trabajos han demostrado estancamiento en la progesión de la microangiopatía, sin embargo, el más reciente e importante por el número de pacientes y por el tiempo de seguimiento es el "Diabetes Control and Complication Trial" el cual evidencia la ausencia o el retardo en el desarrollo de las complicaciones microangiopáticas después de siete años de seguimiento con una insulinoterapia continua intensificada

A importância da assistência de enfermagem na prevenção, controle e avaliação à pacientes protadores de diabetes com neuropatia e vasculopatia / The importance of nursing care in the prevention, control and evaluation of diabetic patients with neuropathy and vasculopathy

O objetivo deste é o de relatar a experiência da autora na implantação da assistência de enfermagem no Programa de Prevenção e Controle do Diabetes Mellitus (DM), visando contribuir na detecção precoce e no tratamento de lesões decorrentes das vasculopatias e neuropatias ocasionadas poressa afecção. Esse programa teve início após seu estágio de aperfeiçoamento técnico-científico desenvolvido na Inglaterra neste Programa, onde atuou junto a podologistas e enfermeiros especialistas em cuidados aos pés de portadores de DM. O trabalho descreve um modelo de Consulta de Enfermagem direcionada ao atendimento à portadores de DM e que apresentam úlceras tróficas, varicosas, mal perfurante plantar, utilizando tecnologia apropriada de enfermagem. Os resultados parciais alcançados indicam um índice de cicatrização total em 65 por cento dos casos e com redução da lesão em 35 por cento dos casos após dois meses de intervenção, contribuindo assim para a diminuição do número de amputações em portadores de DM.